Robert Frost Essays (106 words) - Style, Point Of View, Fiction

Robert Frost I like the way that the creator utilizes four storytellers to recount to the story. Every storyteller had their own circumstance. I additionally like the book being separated into four sections which each part having significance. Section one being the early long stretches of the storytellers. Section two told via Carrie Bishop who portrays life in a coal camp. Section three the peak of the story, every storyteller holds fast for what they trust in. This part incorporates the strike. What's more, section four, which is post life after the strike is finished and gives us the introduction of Rondal and Carrie's youngster Dillion. Histories

Frdric Bazille essays

Frdric Bazille papers Frdric Bazille was conceived in 1841 to a rich working class Protestant group of wine makers close Montpellier, France. In 1859 he started to contemplate medication in Montpellier and in 1862 proceeded with his clinical examinations in Paris. While in Paris, he started to examine painting low maintenance at Charles Gleyres studio where he met Monet, Renoir, and Sisley. In the wake of bombing his clinical tests in the spring of 1864, he selected as a full-time understudy of Gleyre. Gleyre underscored the significance or inventiveness, and Bazille once stated, Thanks to Gleyres instructing, I will at any rate have the option to flaunt that I have not replicated anyone. While in Paris, Bazille turned out to be dear companions with Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Manet, and Sisley, offering studios to Monet in 1865 and Renoir in 1866. Bazille was a vigorous supporter of his companions works. Indeed, when Monet was in desperate budgetary waterways, Bazille got one of his artworks and attempted to help sell others. He additionally took the principle money related obligation of paying the lease in his studios because of his monetary foundation. Manet and Courbet impacted Bazilles impressionistic style artistic creations. He painted various pictures of companions and individuals from his family alongside scenes. His calm clear scenes and agreeable family scenes in quieted hues made him one of the most noteworthy agents of Early Impressionism. A portion of his best works incorporate Family Reunion, The Terrace at Mric (Oleander), and Bazilles Studio. In August of 1870, after Frances assertion of war against Prussia, Bazille enrolled. On November 28th, Bazille was slaughtered in a minor engagement at Beaune-la-Rolande in Burgandy, stopping a promising vocation. He was 29 years of age. ... <!

Methods of Effective Arbitration Research Assignment Paper - 275 Words

Methods of Effective Arbitration Research Assignment Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Methods of Effective ArbitrationStudents NameInstitutionDateMethods of Effective ArbitrationArbitration is a form of resolving conflict in human resource management whereby a dispute is submitted or listened to by an expert or skilled individual who then decides the outcome (Blake, Browne Sime, 2016). The arbitrators decision is often private and binding although parties can seek advisory opinions in some cases. Three methods can be used to make the typical arbitration procedure more effective. These are: Mediation, neutral evaluation and settlement conferences.In mediation an impartial individual is referred to as a mediator and helps both parties to agree on a mutual acceptable resolution (Brubaker et al., 2014). The mediator need not to listen to both sides of the story like in arbitration but helps both parties to communicate and come up with an outcome. Mediation may be useful when either parties or employees have a good relationship which they wish to preserve or emotion keeps getting in the way of resolution. However, mediation may not be appropriate if one of the parties does not wish to compromise or cooperate (Brubaker et al., 2014).In neutral evaluation, each conflicting party airs its case to a neutral individual referred to as an evaluator who is an expert. The evaluator subsequently gives his view on strengths and weaknesses of each sides arguments or evidence and advises them how the conflict can be solved (Toolkits, 2015).An advantage of this method is that it is helpful when solving issues which requires special expertise. However, it may not be appropriate when there exists emotional barriers to solving the conflict (Toolkits, 2015).Settlement conferences can either be mandatory or voluntary in an organization. In both forms of settlement conferences conflicting parties together with their representatives meet with a settlement officer. Unlike in arbitrary whereby the arbitrator ...

A Brief Note On The Health Care System - 904 Words

Today’s healthcare environment is rapidly changing, and rightly so. Innovations are critical to cope with an aging population and an increased demand for services. Many patients have a variety of comorbid conditions that necessitate management by multiple physicians. Communication is a key element between a patient and all of their providers to managing these conditions, but fragmentation of care is still major weakness in the current health care system (Shannon, 2012). It is difficult for physicians to keep the patient and all other providers informed of conditions and treatment plan. This creates gaps in care that can result in diminished results. A patient portal can assist with giving patients access to their medical records and a communication platform with their providers. HealthIT (2015) defines a patient portal as â€Å"a secure online website that gives patients convenient 24-hour access to personal health information from anywhere with an Internet connection† (para. 1). A patient’s personal health information can include results from an appointment, prescriptions, allergies, test results and discharge instructions. Some portals even allow a patient to enter and track their own results such as weight and home glucose tests. These results can be taken to provider appointments and reviewed by the patient’s care team. In the current healthcare environment, patients are asked to play a larger role in the care they receive. This engagement not only helps the individualShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Health Care System1080 Words   |  5 Pages The U.S Health Care System is very complex industries that are filling with lots of challenges that will need to be fixing and restructure before comparing themselves with other develop countries. 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They haveRead MoreA Brief Note On Norwegian Health Care System Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pages8th richest country in the world and health care plays a huge part in the Norwegian society. Health care in Norway is thought to be more beneficial to the public, when compared to the U.S., in that they try their hardest to ensure that everyone there has access to health care. In this essay I will be comparing the Norwegian health care system to the United States health care system. Norway’s health care system is a socialized health care system. This system is state funded and is paid for by theRead MoreA Brief Note On Germanys Health Care System1228 Words   |  5 Pages150 Years of Healthcare: Germany’s Health Care System As nations across the globe begin to implement national healthcare systems to cover all citizens, many look to the oldest national healthcare system in the world for guidance. 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It is publicly funded and administered on a provincial or territorial basis, within guidelines set by the federal government. Under the health care system, individual citizens are provided preventative care and medical treatments from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals, dental surgery and additional medical services. With a few exceptionsRead MoreA Brief Note On The New Zealand Health Care System Essay2202 Words   |  9 PagesDietitians play an important role in the New Zealand health-care system, as their work directly affects numerous risk factors for many serious diseases and conditions. They are specialists in diet choices and nutrition and work in a variety of roles within different organisations, encouraging the general public, groups, and individuals to make healthy diet choices. As the New Zealand health system has an increasing fo cus on preventing disease at the primary sector and the integration of many differentRead MoreA Brief Note On Sweden s Health Care System1866 Words   |  8 Pagesaccess to health care services under a largely decentralized, taxpayer-funded system (Swedish Institute 2014). The health care system in Sweden is financed primarily through taxes levied by county councils and municipalities. Sweden s health care system is organized and managed on three levels: national, regional and local. At the national level, the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs establishes principles and guidelines for care and sets the political agenda for health and medical care. At theRead MoreCommunity Counseling Case Study990 Words   |  4 Pagesintegrated health counselor to collaboratively work with various clinicians to determine the appropriate diagnosis to begin individual counseling. During the course of the student’s treatment (i.e. one academic year), he engaged in relationships with numero us counselors, clinicians, and physicians. Mostly, the treatment plan consisted of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sessions. Upon completion of the study, the student reported that the work of the physician and behavioral health specialists

Hiii Essay Example For Students

Hiii Essay In the Custom House, written as an introduction to The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne gives an autobiographical description of his life and times. The detailed descriptions of the scenes and people not only prepare the reader for the authors style, but also aim at recreating the authors past. The preface concentrates on the authors period of service at the Custom House during which time he came into contact with several people and had the opportunity to study human behavior. The description of his co-employees and others shows the authors deft hand at characterization, which is revealed during the novel. Further, the preface serves the purpose of giving a background to the novel and introduces Americas Puritanical ancestors. Through the novel, by taking a favorable view of Hester and Dimmesdale and by drawing Chillingworth in evil proportions, Hawthorne attempts to undo the wrong and injustice done by his ancestors. The reference to the discovery of the scarlet letter and some papers refe rring to the incident of a woman condemned like Hester is to strengthen the authors claim of the authenticity of the story. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: The Prison Door The first chapter gives a description of the dark and gloomy nature of the prison that was established in the vicinity of Cornhill by the early settlers. The prison is described as an ugly edifice and black flower of civilized society. Weeds grow in front of the gloomy structure, where a group of Puritans, dressed normally in their dull clothing, has gathered. The only positive image in the whole setting is a single rosebush that stands beside the weeds. It foreshadows that there will be some brightness amidst this tale of human frailty and sorrow. Notes The purpose of this opening chapter is to set the scene for the novel in seventeenth century Boston. A crowd of Puritans has gathered at the prison and as always, they wear sad-colored clothing. The description of the dark and gloomy prison sets the mood for the enti re story and foreshadows the situations of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. She is outwardly imprisoned for her sin through her alienation and isolation; he is inwardly imprisoned by his mental anguish and deterioration. Hawthorne obviously chooses to begin his novel with a prison, an appropriate symbol for the punishment that the protagonists will suffer. In the midst of the dark description of the prison, there is a single rose bush. It is said to spring from the footsteps of Anne Hutchinson, an actual Puritan woman who questioned the strictness of her religion and was later judged by some as a martyr for it. The rose, in its brightness and beauty, is an obvious symbol for Hester Prynne, who has similarities to Anne Hutchinson. In spite of the darkness of her situation in the novel, Hester lives in truth, pride, goodness

Mall Of America Essays (250 words) - The Mall Luton, Mall Of America

Mall Of America David Gutersons narrative about the Mall of America delves into several facets that are embedded throughout the mall both physically and mentally. A vivid description about the malls interior design makes the audience feel like they have visited the mall. Guterson also writes about how people, individually and as a society, are effected psychologically by this pseudo-metropolis. The grandeur of the mall is, without question, second to none. Shoppers are drawn to visit because of all the modern frills contained within. A theme park, arcade, hundreds of shops, and eateries are the staples of the mall, but the gardens, flowers, and trees define the mall as being the best of the best. The atmosphere created by combining Mother Earth with twentieth century technology creates a certain mystique to the mall and gives the shopper a very comfortable place to spend the day or maybe even days. In true American nature, record amounts of money were spent on building the mall, and some workers employed by the mall are or were underpaid. However, Americans thirst for a place they can go to escape from their everyday problems. Our nature is to be materialistic at times, and I really do not see a major problem with indulging ourselves every now and again, but I find a problem when material things are used to determine success, power, and self worth. The Mall of America truly represents America as a society but not as individuals. Sociology

Solve Poverty Throughout the World †Political Science Essay

Solve Poverty Throughout the World – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Solve Poverty Throughout the World Political Science Essay Every country has poor people. This is the so called lower social class. Usually in this class we can find people with very low education who live in the suburbs with no property of their own. In some cases people may become poor because they lose everything on gambling or they have drinking problems or they are addicted to drugs. But these are special cases. In most cases, the poverty passes on to the next generation in the same family. It seems like a magic circle. They were brought up in poverty so they had to start working as soon as possible to earn some money on their own. And these young people had to quit studying after the elementary level even if they very talented because nobody could provide for them. Then they have children with the aim to have some more helping hands at home. And these children are going to have the same life as their parents. Because they do not have time and possibility to achieve any new knowledge, most often they just cannot come up with any new ideas in order to improve their life. We can usually observe the process I have just described in the developed countries where we can see bigger and bigger differences between the rich and the poor every day. And obviously the higher class is taking advantage of the poorest people and furthermore it is doing everything to keep it that way. We have other countries that are fighting the poverty due to political or even geographical reasons. Like Somalia, which has been suffering from poverty for years. First it was because of the long war period and after that because they live in the middle of nothing where it is difficult to grow any plant as they basically have no water. And the population is young, with no medical assistance and no educational system. They do not know how to produce food and how to develop their country. And this scenario is common to many other countries as well. The developed world should take care of them. But not just by sending them supplies but also by teaching them how to make it on their own. Research Papers on Solve Poverty Throughout the World - Political Science EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

ANALYSIS ON THE EUROPEAN UNION - Essay Example A Commissioner can be responsible for policy areas that belong to different DGs. Cabinet portfolios are basically function-based. National officials are invited by the Commission to participate on expert and advisory committees in the preparatory stages of a policy process. They attend as area experts, and do not formally represent their governments (Docksey and Williams, 1997, p. 141). Interest group participation is functionally based. The geographical principle is apparent in several respects. At the apex of the organization, the College of Commissioners is comprised of persons proposed by the member governments. They are served by personal secretariats that are composed of compatriots of the respective commissioners. For the Commission services, the recruitment of officials is drawn from national quotas but merit criteria is also applied. The EU has 27 member countries. ... (since 2004-05-01), Lithuania (since 2004-05-01), Luxembourg (EUR), Malta (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2008-01-01), the Netherlands (EUR), Poland (since 2004-05-01),Portugal (EUR), Romania (since 2007-01-01),Slovakia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR: 2009-01-01), Slovenia (since 2004-05-01) (EUR) , Spain (EUR), Sweden (since 1995-01-01) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. III. Economic Total Value of Trade The EU has a tremendous trading partnership with various countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP). The total value of EU trade with the ACP countries reached approximately 80 billion for 2007. The breakdown of trade transactions reflected figures of EU importation worth 40.2 billion and EU export figures of 39.7 billion. For the African countries, the EU is their largest trading partner.In terms of trade composition, the profile of key products which are currently traded are as follows: the ACP countries export petroleum (42% of total exports), cocoa beans, (5%) and diamonds (5%). The EU exports machinery (22%), oil (11%), vehicles (7%), boats (7%), and medicines (3%). The EU also poured considerable foreign direct investment to the ACP countries which had increased from 1,922 million in 1996 to 4,319 million in 2002. This value of investment represents approximately 3.3% share out of the total investment outflows of the EU.In terms of foreign direct investment breakdown, foreign dirext investment flows to ACP Africa peaked from 1,532 million in 1995 to 2,799 million in 2002. Hence, the ACP has increasingly become a destination for investment by the EU.According to EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson (2008), the continued prosperity of Europe hinges on business certainty, tariff predictability,

Initial Research, Thesis, and Case Brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Initial Research, Thesis, and Case Brief - Essay Example Id.; Gallegos v. State, 776 S.W.2d 312, 316 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1989, no pet.). 2. In the absence of any evidence of tampering, an objection that the State has failed to establish the proper chain of custody goes to the weight of the evidence rather than its admissibility. Bird v. State, 692 S.W.2d 65, 70 (Tex.Crim.App.1985), cert. denied, 478 U.S. 1031 (1986); Dart v. State, 798 S.W.2d 379, 382 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1990, pet. refd). 3. In Beck v. State, 651 S.W.2d 827, 829 (Tex.App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1983, no pet.), the court held that proof of the beginning and end of the chain of custody will support the admission of narcotics into evidence. The court said that any gaps between the beginning and end of the chain go to the weight, rather than the admissibility, of the evidence. Id. The fact some person, other than the testifying chemist, handles the narcotics, affects only the weight of the evidence, not its admissibility. Id. Defendant was convicted of possession of cocaine with intent to deliver before the 179th District Court, Harris County, I.D. McMaster, J., and defendant appealed. The Court of Appeals, Robertson, J., held inter alia that: trial court did not err in admitting into evidence packet of cocaine found in the defendants pocket. In his third ground of error appellant contends the trial court erred in admitting into evidence the packet containing 2.5 grams of cocaine because of a break in the chain of custody of the exhibit following its removal from his coat pocket. As a basis for his contention he points to the fact that the officer who actually recovered the exhibit did not positively identify it. Prior to executing the warrant the officers agreed among themselves to have Officer Cargill, one of their number, responsible for maintaining control of evidence. Officer Clarke testified he removed the cocaine from appellants pocket and that the exhibit shown to him

Nucor at Crossroads Essay Example for Free

Nucor at Crossroads Essay In 1986, three distinct segments defined the U.S. steel industry; integrated steel mills, mini-mills, and specialty steel makers. The integrated mills have the capacity to produce a maximum of 107 million tons of steel per year, mini-mills produced a maximum of 21 million tons of capacity a year, and the nation’s specialty steel makers could produce a maximum capacity of 5 million tons of stainless and specialty grades of steel. This leads to a total capacity of 133 million tons of production per year. In 1986, the market consumed only 70 million tons of steel, leaving 33 million tons unused. Nucor is at a crossroads. It faces a saturated market suffering from significant overcapacity. Nucor’s only opportunity for growth seems to be to expand into the production of flat sheet metal. However, to compete in that area, Nucor would need to invest in a very risky new technology, a thin-slab casting plant that, if successful, would allow Nucor to manufacture flat sheet metal with a low minimum efficient scale and a low marginal cost of production. This case will examine Nucor’s history, the impacts of entering the thin-slab casting business, the advantages Nucor would reap, and whether they should build the new thin-slab casting plant. Looking at the business landscape of the steel industry, it is amazing to see how well Nucor has done considering the industry is so competitive and has relatively low profitability. Using Porter’s model, the threat of rivalry is high due to weak domestic demand, excess global capacity, a maturing industry, low switching costs, high exit barriers, rising operating costs (increasing raw material prices), and more than 5 comparable competitors. The threat of entry is low due to high barriers to entry (economies of scale have been achieved and high capital requirements), growth and profitability are modest at best, and most viable candidates are already present in the industry and are looking to expand into other markets. The threat of substitutes is moderate because buyers have the option of choosing other materials (aluminum, plastics, ceramics, etc.), and new materials technologies are currently being developed and sought after. The threat of suppliers is moderate because iron ore and scrap metal prices are currently high, energy prices are increasing, Nucor pays for transportation of its raw materials to its plants, there is no easy substitute to take the place of iron ore/scrap metal, and there is currently an overabundance of buyers of scrap metal and iron ore. Lastly, the threat of buyers is weak to moderate, because there is excess capacity, low switching costs, few high volume buyers, many low volume customers, strong demand from China, and rising feedstock prices. With the difficult business landscape in the steel industry, Nucor had to develop competitive advantages over its rivals to achieve its success. These advantages included differentiating itself by being an early adopter of computerized order tracking and allowing customers to make short time orders thus reducing their inventory. Second, it invested in modernization of its plants at an average of 2.9 times its depreciation expenses vs. an ave raged of 1.6 of its competitors through the 1970s and 1980s, and refurbished on average a plant a year. Third, Nucor strategically located its plants closer together to share orders for minimal cost and maximum sales, and building new plants in smaller rural areas with access to railroads, low energy costs, and a plentiful water source allowed Nucor to keep labor costs relatively low and made sure that COGS remained competitive. Fourth, base wages were lower but incentives were higher than average, and direct communication on expectation vs. performance provided feedback on compensation. Also, during down times, officers and CEO pay dropped dramatically while average workers did not. This led to lower employee turnover 1-5% vs. 5-10% for competitors. Fifth, Nucor’s hiring practices focused on making sure that they focused on hiring people based on potential, not experience. Finally, Nucor’s business hierarchy was different- mostly flat, resulting in less bureaucracy and more productivity per worker. In short, many of these advantages led to Nucor becoming the second most productive steel maker per employee in the world due by 1985. Thin-slab casting was a proposed technique for mini-mills to fill orders for flat sheet steel, a segment that accounted for approximately half of the U.S. steel industry. To expand its steel market share, Nucor needed to enter the flat sheet segment. In the thin-slab casting business, Nucor would initially compete with international firms from Canada and Japan that provided high quality flat sheet steel, and cheap flat sheet steel providers in newly industrialized nations. Barriers to entry would include large capital expenditures making new entrants cost prohibitive, but not impossible as the barrier is small comparative to the overall costs for steel manufacturing. While new rivals may not pop up immediately, new entrants from existing rivals will dilute Nucor’s competitive advantage. Nucor needed an innovative technology to be profitable in this segment as a new entrant. However, innovative technologies are risky due to development costs, unknown long-term operating costs, and the unknown quality of future products. Also, as a first mover, increased costs will be realized. Increased maintenance above forecasts, the risk that production will not keep pace with the small-scale model, the risk that the new tech will not be fully understood by the employees and harder to run. Also, an increased likelihood that other companies will benefit from their mistakes as SMS has not made any offer to keep information gleaned from a large-scale operation confidential. However, the benefits of being a first time mover would be realized as well. The expected profit from the thin slab minimill would be $81.50 per ton, which is 26% higher than from a modernized hot rolled sheet produced in an integrated mill and 226% higher than the margin from an unmodernized integrated mill. For cold rolled sheet, the expected profit advantage remains with minimills, with an expected profit of $107.50 per ton, which 1.9% greater than a modernized integrated mill and 115% higher than an unmodernized integrated mill. If Nucor enters the thin-slab casting business the lasting advantages may be reduced over time as others in the industry may imitate them so long as the model is proven to deliver the targeted results. If Nucor works out the kinks, then other companies will join up and the competitive advantage window will shrink, making the overall scheme too costly. If the program does not work, it is likely the other companies will not follow suit, while Nucor pays the cost for other companies â€Å"RD† offsite. However, if the investment into the new technology proves successful, Nucor would have a significant cost savings over integrated mills initially, both in terms of entry costs and in terms of operating costs and profit margin. This will provide Nucor with a significant competitive advantage over the integrated mills, which already provide flat-rolled steel products, but will not provide sustainable competitive advantage over the long term, as it will be easy for competitors to duplicate this technology. Many of the companies that do steel would imitate the path that Nucor is taking. They have done an excellent job of lowering cost while leveraging their competitive advantages. Furthermore, CSP is a step in the ultimate industry goal of direct casting of sheet at strip. However, it seems as though Nucor would only gain a head start of two to three years since SMS held the CSP technology and Nucor couldn’t block others from using it. This head start doesn’t seem very advantageous as it would require almost 5 years to break (see attached chart) even and the other companies would be able to use lessons learned from Nucor’s first mover and apply it to lower their breakeven point. Overall this would be a very risky undertaking for Nucor to undertake at this time as the technology is not at an adequate tech readiness level, the initial cost to implement, as well as it could move Nucor away from its competitive advantages.

Older Woman Essay -- essays research papers

Older Women - Hidden Sexual Abuse Victims Although other forms of violence within the family have received increasing attention from professionals and the media over recent years, including the physical abuse and neglect of children, child sexual abuse, and domestic violence, elder abuse remains relatively hidden. This is especially true of sexual abuse of older persons. While there are some references to stranger rapes of older women, the topic of elder sexual abuse within the family is rarely addressed in the professional literature, and seldom confronted by social workers, medical personnel or advocates. This is partly true because sexuality is usually associated with younger people. Yet, if sexual abuse is a function of power and control, frail older persons, who often have little power and may be dependent on others for care, can be extremely vulnerable to sexual mistreatment. Elder sexual abuse is defined as coercing an older person, through force, trickery, threats, or other means, into sexual contact against her or his will. It often begins with covert activities such as inappropriate remarks and threats, and escalates to more severe types of mistreatment, including: the offender forcing the victim to view pornography or to listen to explicit sexual accounts; sexualized kissing and fondling; oral-genital contact; digital penetration; vaginal rape; anal rape; rape by objects; exploitation (e.g., prostituting or swapping the victim); sadistic acts, and ritualistic abuse.1 The prevalence of elder sexual abuse is not known because no systemic study has been done to determine how widespread the problem is. Where it is uncovered, it is usually by adult protective services workers who are called to intervene in other types of mistreatment of older persons, such as physical abuse, neglect or financial exploitation. In the first study of its kind, Holly Ramsey-Klawsnik, Ph.D. in 1991 examined twenty-eight (28) Massachusetts cases in which sexual abuse was identified by elder abuse case workers. All the victims resided in the community (not in nursing homes or other institutional facilities). All were female, ranging in age from 65 to 101, while all but one of the offenders was male. Four out of five of the offenders were care givers to the victims, the vast majority of whom had significant impairments which made them totally dependent on others for dai... ...e services will reduce the victim's dependence on the abuser and will also reduce her isolation, both of which contribute significantly to vulnerability to abuse. The rape crisis center and local adult protective services programs should cooperate on other interventions such as legal remedies in order to avoid duplication of effort and to reduce the confusion to the client. Vulnerable older persons need and deserve the skilled attention of all those with whom they come into contact in order to reduce their vulnerability to sexual abuse. Work Cited 1 Ramsey-Klawsnik, Holly, Ph.D. "Elder Sexual Abuse: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect. Vol. 3(3), 1991. 2 Ibid. 3 Holt, Malcolm G., CSS "Elder Sexual Abuse in Britain: Preliminary Findings." Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect. Vol.5(2), 1993. 4 Russell, Diane E. Rape in Marriage. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990. 5 Ramsey-Klawsnik. 6 Illinois Department on Aging, Elder Abuse and Neglect Program: FY 1995 Annual Report. Springfield, Illinois, 1996. 7 Groth, A.N., "The Older Rape Victim and Her Assailant." Geriatric Psychiatry, 203-215, 1978, as cited in Ramsey-Klawsnik. 8 Ramsey-Klawsnik

How freely do women and men communicate publicly in Muslim communities Essay

Islam is a religion that one actually perceives of being strict and harsh maybe because people are not well affiliated or aware of its teachings or because they misinterpret what the religion actually means. Islam on the other hand is one religion that is the most adaptable to all the situations that occur in any era. Its teachings can be universally accepted and adopted. It’s fair and totally unbiased when it comes to any gender. It’s a religion that is very easy to understand and follow and not strict and complex if understood properly. It does consist of principles that one find really hard to adapt to in today’s world but then those principles if adopted can prove to be of well being of a human himself. (Esposito, 2002). The Muslim culture provides women the most prominent place in the society. Women enjoy equal rights and privileges and are no way inferior to men. The rights and responsibilities are equal but not identical since men and women are both created differently. The Islamic culture does restrict women to stay reserved but that does not mean at all that it restricts women to communicate with men at all especially when it’s necessary. Public communication is not at all prohibited for a men and women in Islam, it just disregards men and a women meeting alone. It just believes in women to ensure their dignity and keep themselves protected and secured against disgraceful conditions and circumstances because in Islam a women is considered highly sacred and dignified and this doesn’t weaken a women or makes her inferior rather it gives her a special position in the society and makes her more strong and respectable and also safeguards her integrity and honor. Social priorities Socially a woman is not considered the bread earner for the family and therefore is not responsible for earning to meet the finances of the family. She is responsible to take care of the house and therefore is more preferred to stay in the house and look after the family rather than going out and exposing herself but if a woman herself wants to contribute in the earnings of the family then it is not at all disregarded by the Muslim culture as long as her honor and dignity stays protected. If we take the example of Hazrat Khadija, the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) we can see that she was the most prominent trader in Arab that time, she worked with prophet and therefore there is no specific evidence that says that she has no communication or negotiation with men publicly. Similarly Hazrat Ayesha also is another example of a working lady who used to interact with men for conveying and transmitting the prophet’s message. (Esposito, 2008) . In many other strict Muslim states like Saudi Arabia, Iran etc, Muslim women are not all preferred and liked to work and to earn. Neither are they allowed to even communicate with men who they are not related to publicly and if found doing so are punished for their act. Segregation is done everywhere is weddings, public seminars etc. Even schools are segregated and girls and boys are not allowed to study together. This clearly states that Muslim men and women are not free to communicate publicly and therefore enjoys no interaction between the two genders. Situation in which communication occurs Communication only occurs in cases like if the men and the women knows each other or have a direct relation with each other. If we take a look on what the religion has to say then communication between a men and a women is not wrong publicly, as in communication and interaction is only prohibited when a men and a women are all alone together. Seclusion is prohibited but in the case of the presence of any third person, it is permissible as long as u communicate modestly and with a pure heart, still in many Muslim countries communication even publicly is not allowed at all. They think it’s indecent in immodest for a men and women to interact. Communication before marriages is even not considered that good but still in many Muslim states and cultures communication does take place between men and women before marriages in the presence of elders or other people of the family. Schools and universities are even segregated mostly in Muslim states, therefore there is no communication among girls and boys as school is the main source of communication among youth. What does Islam say about men and women interaction? The Quran (holy book of the Muslims) defines important and necessary elements of all the existing relationships between all the people. It includes respect, tolerance, kindness, self-restraint, honesty, patience, compassion and forgiveness. Such aspects apply between all the relationships let it be parents and children, neighbors, spouses, friends or work partners, regardless of any gender. Even Islam elaborates on what kind of relationship it finds acceptable between men and women, meaning that it does not totally opposes any interaction between them as long as it crosses the limits or boundaries set by the religion that includes physical contact or any immodest action, yet many scholars still does not allow any sort of communication between the two genders. Social Interactions In some Muslim communities, social contact or interaction among men and women, who are not directly related to one another is forbidden and therefore has resulted in segregated recreational places, schools, universities, government offices and businesses and therefore it totally restricts women from any position of power or control. The oppression or domination of women is mainly due to the restrictions on social communication and interactions making the leadership in government not provide basic human rights and liberty . If we talk in general terms, then most of the Muslims have usually adopted such segregation and separation haunted by the fear and thought that allowing social interaction and communication among men and women will result in illegal sexual behavior and physical contact. However as mentioned earlier there is fairly very less or no evidence to support that Islam discourages or totally prohibits social contact or interaction between men and women who are unrelated. These are just the man made values and rules or basically we can say the cultural values that have been followed since ages and have remain unchanged for protecting people against the wrong deeds or any such wrong or immodest behavior that may result in ruining the dignity or character of a person but still the option of complete avoidance in between the opposite gender is considered very unacceptable and impractical for many sensible people and is not a necessary or important element of Islamic social behavior. (Sardar, 2007) Sex segregation in different Muslim communities:- It varies throughout in different Muslim communities. In some communities it’s strict and harsh as compared to others where it is a bit practical and understandable. Let’s take a look in some of the communities and how this issue is dealt there. Afghanistan: Due to Taliban’s leadership in Afghanistan there is a very strict sex segregated system that does not allow women and men to contact in public at all and women even do not enjoy equal opportunities of education or employment. Iran: In Iran Ruhollah Khomeini only favors single- sex schools and strictly discourages women teaching in boy’s school and men teaching in girl’s school. Also public places like cafes, restaurants, schools, libraries, swimming pools, beaches, shopping malls and sport halls are also legally segregated. It was ordered and announced that all the business halls, marriage halls, political meetings and even conference halls should consist of separate sections. Men and women are even ordered to form separate queues. In cinemas and restaurants specially there is always a section labeled as â€Å"only for females†. Women are required to wear a hijab and cover themselves completely. Only the showing of eyes is allowed and a women if found not covered properly given 74 lashes in punishment. Men and women are not even allowed to travel in the same busses or other means of public transports. There are few busses that have separate section for women and men are not even allowed to stand beside them. Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arab sex segregation is even seen in hospitals and health care centers. A female patient is not permissible to be treated by a male doctor unless there is no other female doctor available similarly it is also not permissible for a female doctor to treat a male patient. A woman is not allowed to meet any other guy unveiled except for her spouse. A woman is also forbidden to eat in public as this would expose her face while she is eating as this considered immodest therefore all restaurants in Saudi Arabia has a special section for women to conceal them from men. Women are not even allowed to drive or even get out of their house without their husband or son. Indonesia: Indonesia is a country with the highest Muslim population. Sex segregation is not so harsh as compared to other Muslim communities. Hijab is considered an important part of the dress among women in Indonesia but if not worn does not punish them. Women are seen working in Indonesia a lot and men and women social contact is allowed to some extent in the country. Physical contact is however not permissible but people in Indonesia do practice handshaking and it’s not considered wrong there. Coughlin, 2006) Guidelines for appropriate behavior resulting in healthy men and women public contact:- In some Muslim cultures healthy relationships are not forbidden at all and this is what the religion does not even consider wrong. Therefore appropriate behavior that does not lead to temptation or physical attractiveness should be adopted. In order to maintain healthy relationships between the two sexes, following steps are taken in some practical cultures: Treating one another wi th respect in all conditions: This recommendation is even made by the religion itself. Respectful behavior is one factor that allows both the gender to maintain social contact or interact with each other in a modest and a pure manner. Behaving modestly: Maintaining healthy relationships also involve behaving modestly with one another. It means to avoid provocative behavior such as physical contact, flirtation or harassment. Avoiding seclusion: Seclusion is the situation when men and women are alone in an isolated place. This is not considered right in a Muslim culture as the chance of intimacy is apparent when two people who are attracted to each other are alone in some place. Therefore in order to avoid such temptation it is much better to avoid situations of seclusion so that healthy relationship can’t be maintained between both the sexes Dressing modestly: Dress is one factor that arouses interest and attention of the opposite sex therefore when meeting an opposite sex always dress properly and modestly so that it does not lead to any bad thought in other person’s mind and does not ruin the healthy relation that exists. Conclusion The freedom to which the men and women communicate publicly in Muslim communities varies from community to community. In some states as stated below no communication exists between the sexes where as in others it is a bit lenient. However if we see in general Islam, the religion that Muslims follows only restricts such interactions among the Muslim men and women that lead to any physical contact or immodest behavior or it opposes men and women meeting alone in an isolated place for no productive purpose.

Essay to Analyse Organisations in Practice and Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1897 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Studies related to management and organisations have evolved through many stages over the years. Since the first break-through into the efficient operation of the organisations the management literature has changed dramatically but the aspiration always has been to find or create a system which ensures the smooth and efficient running of the organisations so that they can achieve their targets. According to the management terminology, the organisations of today are known as post fordist or post bureaucratic organisations and are said to be rational, with agreement on decisions, empowerment, team working and individual recognition. Organisational theory mentioned in the management texts is elaborated and supported by many renowned and illustrious authors of management. The aim of this essay is to enquire about the conventional image of the so called perfect or ideal organisation portrayed in the management texts by keeping in mind the reality in workplaces supporte d by the points discussed in the seminars and critically analysing these organisations in order to portray the image of real organisations of today and show how the situation portrayed in the texts is just a myth. The journey of events leading to the conception of post bureaucratic or post modern organisations of today has been long and complicated one. To thoroughly understand the conventional image of the organisations of today it is important for one to look back at these series of events. If examined carefully the timeline can be considered to have started from the era of Fredrick Taylor (1856-1915), the begetter of scientific management and Webers (1864-1920) theory of bureaucratic management. (Boddy, 2005) Their aim was to contrive an organisation which follows set of rules in order to attain maximum efficiency and where money was the main motivational factor for the workers. Henry Ford was one of the first entrepreneurs to have applied these theories in his organisation by introducing assembly line production. Along with assembly line mass production, division of labour and specialisation were the salient features of bureaucratic management. (Pugh Hickson, 2007) Scientific and bureaucratic management was followed by the Human Relation theories which were based on the Hawthorne studies. The concept which was set out in the Human relation theories was that the workers should be given a social status in the organisation environment instead of treating them as cogs in a machine. (Knight Willmott, 2007) The Hawthorne studies which were headed by Elton Mayo in fact tried to provide an environment to the workers in the organisation so that they can perform better. Then came the contingency theory which tried to carve up organisations into formal structure again trying to ensure that the organisation can perform proficiently and efficiently. (Boddy, 2005) The long and complex journey has now reached to the organisations known as post fordist. These organis ations of today believe that bureaucratic management has become outdated and regard it as dead and they themselves are completely opposite to it, but the reality seems to be different from the conventional image these organisations portray. It is important to find out why people actually work before the reality of work can be discussed. Noon and Blyton (2002) after researching concluded that people do not only work for financial reason and states this in their book, The majority of people say that they would continue to work even if there was no economic compulsion to do so, which suggests that work may also be fulfilling other needs. There exists a feeling of accomplishment which only comes from working there is also a moral obligation to work. Another question which arises here is that are people in the right line of work? According to a research carried out in UK 41% of the working population in UK is currently in the wrong job and is not satisfied by it. (BBC, 2008) So if org anisations of today are trying to ensure the high level of motivation and empowerment of employees and if people are willing to work for other than economic reasons and yet it is being claimed that most of the people are not satisfied with their line of work then there is something that is not right. There might be many reasons that may be resulting in this problem, but yet it cannot be denied that there is gap existing between reality and the conventional images portrayed in the management texts. An in-depth view into the bureaucratic and post bureaucratic structures and the management theory discussed above bring out that none of these organisational frameworks have been contrived to benefit the employees. These management theories are authored by people whose aim is to ensure that organisations run without any kind of hindrances. The conventional image maybe stated to motivate and empower the employees, but there is always a string attached to efficient running of the organisa tion which is mostly the core objective for organisations. So it can be said that interests of the employees will always be superseded by the interests of the organisation and employees are just provided with a better image of bureaucracy. The post modern structures are as Grey (2009) states All this talk of a new era and new organisation forms conceals or forgets the way that such claims are recurring so that it is possible to find out, throughout organisation theory, almost identical models of future. This statement also refers to the change management which is being talked about by the new structure and which will be discussed later. In simple words, employees are being decived into working. Organisations of today are just deciving the workers to work indirectly in order to achieve thier objectives and do not care about the suffering workers go through in acheving them. Referring back to the conventional image, post bureaucratic organisations are known to be rational. Accordin g to Grey (2009) there are two types of rationality known as instrumental rationality and substantive rationality. Substantive rationality is about doing the right things while instrumental rationality is about doing the things right way. It can be said that the post bureaucratic organisations are not morally rational but instrumentally rational. Grey (2009) in his book says that organisations today only consider instrumental rationality and also calls it organisational rationality. Organisations use instrumental rationality as veil of disguise so that they can manipulate the employees into obtaining its targets. Work holism is considered a virtue. Employees are given blackberries in many organisations around the world these days as a fringe benefit but the employees do not understand that this is in fact a way to stay in touch after the office hours. In simple words employees are made to work round the clock by making them to bring work at home for which they are even not paid. Mor gan (2006) in his book Images of Organization refers to the metaphor psychic prison where the employees are imprisoned unconsciously. Organisations today are doing the same thing, therefore we are made to work hard, accept things as they are, work hard to earn living considering it normal and the way it should be. But in reality the situation is different as Grey (2009) says we are imprisoned in an iron cage of rationality. To question these concepts or enquiring about them is considered blasphemy; whereas no one queries about the operations of organisations that do not include value judgement in their concept of rationality. Hence the lining difference can easily be viewed and identified if we put the orthodox organisational behaviour alongside the reality. Moreover, the conventional image of the current organisations as mentioned by Knights and Willmott (2007) is that they are, based on empowerment, shared responsibility, trust and personal treatment. However the reality seems to be quite different if viewed from a radical perspective. The existence of sweat shops in todays world where even the animals rihts are so closely monitored uncovers the shocking truth of how current organisations operate. Organisations are paying very low wages to the workers and in return making them work for shifts which are sometimes even lasting more than a day. But the truth which is even more shocking then this is that these organisations are using their powers to even control and dominate the governments of today. Pilger (2002) in his documentary and book The new rulers of the world clearly present the nature of dirty politics that organisations can play in order to gain their interests. Setting up sweat shops in Indonesia after over throwing the government clearly exemplified organisations as an instrument of domination as referred by Morgan (2006). Furthermore Perkins (2004) in his book Confessions of an economic Hitman also elaborates the tactics large organisations use which can enable them to even take over an entire country. This might sometimes result in employee stress which can even lead to employees committing suicides, as this is what happened in the case of Renault, a leading auto-mobile manufacturer. Another important statement which post modern organisations make is that bureaucracy is now dead, it was the thing of past which is irrelevant in the todays world. However the reality check brings out something different. Bureaucracies are still as relevant as they were before. Du Gay (2000) also discuss about the relevance of bureaucracies in his book. According to Du Gay (2000) the original form of bureaucracy which was introduced by Weber is different from how bureaucracy is portrayed these days as he feels that bureaucracies have been interpreted wrongly. Du Gay (2000) elaborates that Weber introduced the bureaucracy which is a substantially ethical organisation and in its purest form it assures efficiency, but nonetheless in the orga nisational world of today bureaucratic organisations still exist. Moreover, call centres providing customer service throughout the world are still not giving importance to the motivation and satisfaction level of employees which should be the focal point for how organizations of today should work. People working in the call centres are facing sexual harassment and abuses from callers, being threatened to be fired unless they met their quota and are paid low salaries. One of the employees working in a call centre confessed that, The bottom line is, this is a crap job. Its a phone factory and unless we met quota, we suffer. (https://www.weblab.org) So to conclude, this essay tried to analyse the features of the organisations of today as presented in the management text books. Organisational theory was compared with the reality of what really goes on in an organisation in order to show that the so called perfect organisations are not better than the previous models which are disrega rded today and organisations of today are just the extensions in disguise of the previous models. An insight was provided with the help a radical view on how the organisations of today are actually operating to benefit themselves. Arguments were presented portraying how a large number of employees working in these organisations are unmotivated and unsatisfied which are based on the philosophy of providing empowerment and employee motivation. The reality also reveals that employees are actually suffering from ill treatment and stress in the organisations of today which are pretending to exhibit the image of a perfect organisation. The essay also set forth that the organisations are being used as instrument of domination and psychic prisons inside the iron cage of rationality. Case of Renault suicides, working diaries of workers and the existence of sweat shops in Indonesia exemplified that the main concern for the organisations is not to satisfy its employees but to make them work as efficiently as possible. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essay to Analyse Organisations in Practice and Theory" essay for you Create order